Organisation of Govt.
Turkey:
- Strategically vital location located at crossroads between Asia and Europe.
- Controls the vital strait that links Black Sea, to the Aegean and Mediterranean sea
- 97% in Asia and Only 03% in Europe
- Bordering countries; Greece, Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine, Goergia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria
- PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC- UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE. (Turkish Constitution)
- PRESIDENT-Both Head of state and Governmet.
Executive
- President- Head of state and Govt
- Elected for 05 years by Turkish Grand National Assembly
- President is not a member of parliament
- Critera: 40+. Min Bachelors degree
- Executive powers rest in Council of Ministers
- Leader of Cabinet is President (Recep Teyyeb Erodgan-The Justice and Development Party (AKP).
Legislature
- Unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey
- 550 members elected for 04 years
- Mitigated proportional representation
- Election held before next term
- 10% is thershold limit of national vote to enter into parliament.
- Independent may run and one seat is enough
Judiciary
- Before 1923- Ottoman Empire- Islamic Canon Law (Sharia law)
- After 1923- Secular legal codes from Europe (The swiss civil code, italian penal code, German commerical code)
- Independent Judiciary. Executive legislative cant interfere. later both must obey the court decision.
- Civil and militart courts are separate
- State Security courts deal with cases related to terrorism and organised crimes. It replaced with professionalized courts. EU demands latter for membership
Local Government of Turkey
- Highly centralised system mainly in Ankara espacially in Council of Ministers
- This is heirarchy of administration
- Provinces (il) 81
- sub Provinces (ilce) 850
- districts (bucak)
- villages (koy) (37000 dist and vill)
- Administrative units are headed by an official appointed by President except village
- Village chief (muhtar) is elected popularly-answerable to ministry of interior
- Offices of the units are located in main largest cities
- Except Foriegn affairs, all ministries have departments in provincial level. (Both duties- National and local)
Electoral system of Turkey
- Until 1946- Single party system
- Untill 1934 voters were limited to age 18 and males only.
- In 1934 women were given the right to vote and run for national office
- In 1935 election, 15 women were elected
- HIGH ELECTION BOARD- Election results and all complaints
- Board: 11 members (6 members by GA of courts and cassation and 5 by GA of council of state.
- Proprtional representation but smal parties must win 10% of national vote to obtain seat.
- Law assigns one seat to each province- remaining to population of electoral districts
Major Political parties
- JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY (Islamic-rooted party)
- Ruling party- Head Recep Teyyep Erodgan. Formed in 2001.
- MOTHERLAND PARTY
- Formed by Turgut Ozal. It is political conservative and pragmatic but liberal economic policies
- REPUBLICAN PEOPL’S PARTY
- Formed in 1983. This is leftist party.
Political Principles
- TURKISH CONSTITUTION
- POLITICAL PARTIES
- OTHER IDEAS INFLUENCED TURKISH POLITICS
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