How to Fetch Higher Marks in CSS?
This is a question often asked by most candidates. It was one that was on my mind too whilst prepping for the CSS. In order to bring you top-notch guidance, I asked my friend Atif Ameer (Second Position in CSS 2018, Police Service of Pakistan) for his personal tips and tricks on how to score higher in the CSS exam. Moreover, Atif will also be sharing his personal notes for different subjects and providing further guidance soon, based on your needs!
Here are Atif's tips:
Aspirants should completely embrace the idea that “CSS is a written exam.” No matter how much you read, if you are unable to translate your thoughts on paper in a given and specified time, then you are definitely not going to score more than an average score. I consider the aspirant, whose reading and writing are equally in proportion, ideal for this exam. Hence, apart from training your mind with the deluge of information, fingers should also be trained and synchronized with your though process. Thought process and information processing should not betray your fingers and that is only possible if you have practiced enough before the final showdown. One main thing which should be kept in mind is that “getting high score is a skill” and skill can be ingrained, nurtured and polished by continuous and rigorous reinforcement. In few coming paragraphs, I will be discussing every fundamental skill that is required to score maximum marks in CSS written examination.
1. The first skill, that may sound unconventional, is try to work on the “width of the topic rather than delving in depths.” Studying in depth means unlocking the questions and confusions while remaining in one single perspective, while width implies an endeavour to explore maximum perspectives and dimensions of one topic. Using multiple lenses to study a topic is far more rewarding when it comes to CSS written exam, keeping in view the time limitation you will be having in exam for one question. Hence, exhibiting maximum cards for one question is way better than having one large card that may become difficult to use. Width of a topic includes multifaceted perspectives like legal, economic, political, strategic, environmental, international, feminist, post-modern perspective and the list goes on. Use maximum lenses while keeping the spectacle constant. In this way, there are high chances to handle any sort of question asked in exam.
2. From your preparation till final exams, one person should always be on your mind and that is your “examiner.” Examiner, just like everyone, appreciates the object of beauty and for him beauty lies in your paper. By beauty of paper, I mean your handwriting, margins, structured headings, use of markers, pictorial representation, quotations, and equal space for all answers. These things may sound trivial, but these factors do play a major role in making you an average or extraordinary student in exam. I would discuss few of these points in detail:
• Derive your maximum headings from the statement of question. Use major nouns and words to construct your heading that have been used by examiner in the question. This would make your answer very relevant and to the point.
• Your first answer should decide the average length that you are going to follow for rest of the three questions. There should not be a huge differential between the length of your answers. On average one should write 3 pages or 6 sides. This much length is enough to justify your answer. Extra sheets don’t never guarantee high score. Only strict relevancy and sticking to your point and justifying it guarantee good score.
3. Before starting any subject, the first area that you should study is “theoretical framework of the subject or theories in simple words.” Then use that area to study the rest of the syllabus. I would like to quote one example here to make this point clear. Let’s suppose examiner asks a very simple question in sociology that “Why there is high poverty rate in post-colonial countries?” Now, the job of the aspirant is to answer this question using sociological theories he has studied coupled with examples of post-colonial states. Generalized answer would appear sufficient, but not in sociology paper. Therefore, for this question aspirant needs to answers using the theory of Social Darwinism, dependency theory, Marxist perspective, world systems theory, Davis and Moore Thesis and so on. The point is that make use of theoretical perspectives of the subject to answer every question, no matter how simple it appears.
4. While preparing Current and Pakistan affairs, always try to study both sides of the coin. One can only build sound analytical skills, when one knows different opinions on that topic. While preparing Kashmir issue, we all prepare Pakistan’s position on Kashmir, but aspirants should also study the legal position of India on Kashmir. You should be well equipped with equally convincing arguments on “Why new provinces should not be made in Pakistan?” and also on “Why they should be made?” This understanding of divergent opinions would result in better analysis and your arguments would ultimately fetch you more marks.
Hope these tips prove useful for everyone. In case you wish to know any more information or have any more queries, please feel free to comment below. Best of luck for your CSS prep!
Kind regards,
Atif Ameer
2nd in Pakistan, CSS 2018
Police Service of Pakistan
Thursday, April 16, 2020
Tuesday, April 14, 2020
Sustainable Development Goals
Sustainable development goals.
سسٹین ایبل ڈیولپمنٹ مقاصد۔
یہ اقوام متحدہ کا جھوٹ پر مبنی دجالی ایجنڈا ہے۔ میں آپکو اس آگاہ کرتا ہوں کہ یہ بنیادی طور پر کیا ہے اور کسطرح کام کرتا ہے۔ انکے جو چیدہ چیدہ نکات ہیں ، میں انکو باری باری تفصیلاً سمجھاتا جاؤنگا۔
غربت کا خاتمہ
- یہ غربت کے خاتمہ کی بات کرتا مگر یہ سرمایہ داری نظام کی حمایت کرتا ہے۔ جو معاشرے میں دو طبقاتی نظام کی تشکیل کرتا ہے۔ اس سے معاشرے میں امیر ترین طبقہ اشرافیہ جو کہ آٹے میں نمک کے برابر ہوتا ہے پیدا کرتا ہے۔ اور دوسرا طبقہ غربت کی لکیر سے نیچے کا ہاتا ہے۔ درمیانی طبقہ کو یہ نا انصافی پر مبنی نظام حکومت اور ٹیکس کے نظام کیوجہ سے کچل دیتا ہے۔ اور پھر غربت پر قابو پانے کے لئے مالی تعاون کرتا ہے۔ جو کہ براۓ نام ہوتی اور اس میں بھی حکمران اشرافیہ کو ہی نوازا جاتا۔ نیک نامی بھی حاصل ہو جاتی۔ اور ملک پر احسان بھی ہو جاتا۔ اس کے علاوہ ورلڈ بینک اور آئی ایم ایف کے ذریعے غربت مکاؤ پروگرام کے تحت قرضے بھی دلواۓ جاتے۔
بھوک کا خاتمہ
وہ زیادہ پیداوار کے لئے مخصوص بیج مہیا کرتے ہیں۔ جس میں خاص قسم کے کیڑے مار دوا کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ وہ بھی پھر باہر سے ہی درآمد ہوتی ہے۔ان بیجوں کے لئے بیماریاں بھی پہلے ہی انہوں نے لیبارٹری میں بنا کر رکھی ہوتی ہیں۔ اس کے علاوہ ، اس کے بعد زمین کوئی قدرتی بیجوں کو قبول نہیں کرتی اور ان سے بیج لینا مجبوری بن جاتی۔ بیج اور کیڑے مار ادویات بیچنا ایک اچھا کاروبار ہے۔ وہ کم خرچ کرتے ہیں اور کئی گنا کماتے ہیں۔
#معیار_صحت اب انتہائی دلچسپ عنوان کی طرف آتے ہیں۔ایجنڈا 2030، ایجنڈا21 اور ایونٹ201 انتہائی اہم ایجنڈے ہیں۔ انکے مقاصد آبادی پر قابو اور پھر آبادی کو کم کرنا۔ تا کہ خوراک پوری کی جاسکے۔ اور معیار صحت بہتر ہو۔ بل گیٹیس بار ہا بار اس بات کا تذکرہ کر چکے ہی۔ اور انکی ہر گفتگو کا محور ہی یہ موضوع ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے لئے وہ ویکسین کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ پولیو اور دیگر بہت ساری ویکسین کو وہ کئی سالوں سے تیسری دنیا کے ممالک میں افزائش شرح کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لئے استعمال کر رہے ہیں۔ اور بل گیٹس کی کمپنی ورلڈ ہیلٹھ آرگناٰزیشن کے ذریعے پیسہ بنا رہی ہے۔ بل گیٹس کی امارت کا راز بھی یہ ہے۔ اب ایک اور ویکسین تیار ہے۔ کرونا وائرس کے لئے۔ موصوف کا کہنا ہے کہ دنیا تب تک نارمل نہیں ہوگی۔ جب تک وہ سب ویکسین نہیں کرواتے۔ اور اس طرح دی بل اینڈ میلینڈا فاؤنڈیشن اور شریک کمپنیاں اپنے خواب کو پورا کریں گیں۔۔ صحت سے متعلق انکی اجاراہ داری قائم ہو جائیگی۔ کیونکہ آپ کی مکمل نگرانی اور مکمل طور پر قابو کرنے کے لئے مائکروسافٹ چپس Alliance ID2020 پراجیکٹ کے تحت ہر انسان کے ماتھے، بازو یا ہاتھ پر انسٹال کی جائینگی۔ بایوچپس خواتین میں بچے پیدا کرنے کی شرح کو کم کرے گی۔ جبکہ ویکسین انسان میں مذہبی جرثوموں کو کلی طور کر ختم کر دینگی۔ یہ انسان کا مکمل کنٹرول اکے علاوہ تمام اسکی سرگرمیاں اور کاوربار انکے کنٹرول میں چلا جائیگا۔ مائکرو چپس کے ذریعے ہی تجارت ممکن ہوگی۔ جو چپ نہیں لگواۓ گا۔ وہ خریدو فروخت سے محروم رہ جائیگا۔ کیونکہ پیپر کرنسی اب مستقبل قریب میں نا پید ہو جائیگی۔ اسکی جگہ ڈیجیٹل ڈالر یا کرپٹو کرنسی لے لیگی۔ گیٹس نے اس بات پر بھی ذور دیا کہ لوگ پیپر کرنسی کو چھوڑ کیوں نہیں دیتے۔ ایلکٹرانک چپس پر بی بی سی ون نے دستاویزی فلم کے ذریعہ تیار کردہ ایک ڈیمو ویڈیو بھی ریلیز کی ہے۔
معیار_تعلیم
اپنے معیارات کے مطابق تعلیم کے بغیر ، ایجنڈا نامکمل رہتا ہے۔ تعلیم اصلاحات کے نام پر نصاب میں غیر اخلاقی اور اسلام مخالف اشیاء کو نصاب ان کا شامل ہونا ان کا بنیادی ہدف ہے۔ وہ ادارتی اصلاحات کا مطالبہ کرتے ہیں اور صرف مذہبی ہاٹ سپاٹ کو ہی نشانہ بناتے ہیں۔ اب آپ لوگ مشاہدہ کر سکتے ہو ، تیسری دنیا کے اداروں میں کس طرح کی تعلیم دی جارہی ہے۔ بہت سی ڈگریوں والا صرف ریوڑ ، لیکن مارکیٹ میں قابلیت بالکل نہیں ہے۔ جن کو اسلام کا بھی علم نہیں ہے۔یہی بیکار افراد پیدا کرنا مقصد تھا۔ یہ ان کے لئے بہترین اثاثہ ہیں۔ وہ عوامی دفاتر میں جا کر انکے مفادات کو یقینی بناتے اور پورا کرتے ہیں۔ ان افراد میں عدم اعتماد اور کوئی عقلی قابلیت نہیں۔ ماتحتوں کی طرف ظالم ہوتے ہیں یہ جاگیرداروں، سرداروں اور وڈیروں سے بھی زیادہ۔ ۔ (سب سے چھوٹے لوگ ، اعلی دفاتر
میں بیٹھے ہیں- عمران خان نے ٹھیک بولا تھا) صنف_معاملہ_صنفی_مساوات کے نام پر بنیادی خاندانی ادارے کی تباہی ہے۔ بہت ساری غیر سرکاری تنظیمیں تیسری دنیا کے ممالک کے ایجنڈے پر کام کرتی ہیں۔ کمزور یا مکمل تباہ خاندانی ادارہ ،مذہبی اور معاشرتی اقدار با آسان کھو دے گا۔ مغرب میں وہ یہ کامیاب تجربہ کر چکے ہیں۔ غیر سرکاری تنظیمیں عورت کے بارے میں اسلام کا خراب اور ظالمانہ خاکہ پیش کرنے کا کام کرتی ہیں۔ وہ خواتین کے مختلف سماجی مسائل کا انتخاب کرتے ہیں اور انہیں مذہبی مسئلے کے طور پر پیش کرتے ہیں۔ کہ اسکے پیچھے مذہب ہے۔ آخرمذہب ہی کیوں؟ کیوں کہ مذہب مضبوط خاندانی ادارے پر زور دیتا ہے۔ اقوام متحدہ اپنے مذموم ایجنڈوں کی خدمت کے لئے ممالک میں اپنے وفادار لوگوں کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ جو ان غریب ممالک کے مقتدر حلقوں میں بیٹھے ہوتے ہیں۔
کلیین واٹر
اچھا امیج بنانے کے لئے کچھ اچھے کام بھی دکھانے پڑتے ہیں۔ لیکن یہ صرف ایک اچھا تاثر دینے کے لئے کرتے ہیں۔ انکا مقصد لوگوں کی زندگی کو تبدیل کرنا نہیں ہوتا ۔ اس شعبے میں پیسہ استعمال کرکے وہ معاشرے سے انسانیت کے لئے کام کرنے والے کچھ خوبصورت چہرے بھی اپنے ساتھ کر لیتے ہیں۔ شہزادرائے اور ماہرہ خان اسکی مثالیں ہیں۔ وہ زیادہ تر میڈیا سے ان لوگوں کا انتخاب کرتے ہیں۔ جنکو عوام میں مقبولیت حاصل ہوتی ہے۔ اپنے مقصد کو پورا کرنے کے لئے انہیں کچھ مقامی لوگوں کی ضرورت ہے۔ جو اسطرح تکمیل کو پہنچتہ ہے۔
#انفراسٹرکچر_میں_بہتری اقوام متحدہ یا اسکا کوئی ذیلی ادارہ کسی پروجیکٹ کو لگا کے نہیں دیتااور نہ ہی امداد مہیا کرتا ہے۔ وہ صرف آئی ایم ایف اور ورلڈ بینک سے قرض لے کر اہداف کو پورا کرنے کی سفارش کرتے ہیں۔ پراجیکٹس بھی پورے نہیں ہوتے۔ اور انکے کارندے عوام کی فلاح اور ملک کے نام پر پیسہ لیکر دوبارہ انہیں کے پاس ہیسہ سمیت چلے جاتے ہیں۔ جبکہ ملک پر قرض بڑھتا چلا جاتا ہے۔ اور ملک کا اختیار ان لوگوں کے ہاتھ جاتا رہتا ہے۔
#صنعتوں_اور_معیشیت_میں_بہتری ان کے ساتھ وابستہ ٹیک کمپنیاں تیسری دنیا کی اقوام میں ان کے ٹیکنالوجی کے تجربات کرتی ہیں اور پیسہ بھی لیتی ہیں۔ اس کے بعد کامیاب منصوبوں کو مغرب میں لاگو کیا جاتا ہے۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ تیسری دنیا کے ممالک میں حکومت کی صنعتیں اکثر بند رہتی ہیں۔ وفادار اشرافیہ طبقے انکے مقاصد کی تکمیل کرتے ہیں خود بھی پیسہ بناتے، ان کے بچوں مغرب میں تعلیم حاصل کرتے اور خود مغرب میں ریٹائرمنٹ کے بعد کی زندگی سے لطف اندوز ہوتے ہیں۔ انفراسٹرکچر_اور_پیداوار_میں_اضافہ
اقوام متحدہ اور اس
کے ادارے بشمول انکے کارندے آبادی کو ہی نشانہ بناتے ہیں اوراس کا الزام زیادہ آبادی پر لگاتے ہیں حالانکہ وسائل کی بد انتظامی اصل وجہ ہے۔ جو یہ اپنے وفادار اہلکاروں سے معاشرتی و سماجی مفادات کے خلاف پالیسی سازی کے ذریعے کرواتے ہیں۔ اور پھر وہی وفادار انہی کی زبان بول کر معاشرے میں انکے مؤقف کو فروغ دیتے ہیں۔ کہ زیادہ آبادی ہی انفراسٹرکچر کی کمی کی وجہ ہے۔ آپ لوگوں کو اپنی آبادی کو کم کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔
ماحولیاتی_عوامل
ٹرمپ نے ڈیوس کانفرنس میں جو ورلڈ اکنامک فارم نے 2019 منعقد کروائی تھی اسے جھوٹ کا پلندہ قرار دیا تھا۔ اور بولا تھا کہ یہ معیشیت پر حملہ ہے۔ یہ صنعتوں اور برآمدات کو سبوتاژ کرنے اور تجارتی توازن کو خراب کرنے کا ذریعہ ہے۔ مزید یہ کہ ، وہ اپنے ماحولیات کے پراجیکٹس انہیں فروخت کرتے ہیں۔ ان احسانات کا فائدہ اٹھانے والے ممالک (جسکا پھل عام لوگوں تک نہیں پہنچتا بلکہ حکمران طبقہ ہی مستفید ہوتا ہے۔) ان کی غلط نا انصافی پر مبنی پالیسیوں پر سوال نہیں اٹھا سکتے۔ ملکی اشرافیہ اور انکی بے ایمانی کا اندازہ اس بات سے بھی لگا لیں کہ جس ملک کا پیسہ چورہ ہوا۔ معاشی پابندیوں کا بھی اسی کا سامنا کرنا پڑ رہا ہے۔ جب کہ جس ملک میں وہ چوری شدہ پیسہ پڑا ہے۔ وہ محفوظ ہیں۔ یہ اس دجالی نظام کی خاصیت ہے۔ اور یہ اتنا بڑا دھوکا کھڑا بھی اسی مقصد کے لئے کیا گیا ہے۔ ہاتھی کے دانت کھانے کے اور ، اور دکھانے کے اور ہیں۔ یہ لفظوں کے الجھا دینے والے جال میں شیطانی مقاصد پر مبنی نظام ہے۔
صاف پانی کی فراہمی
وہ آپ کو ڈیم بنانے کے لئے رقم دیتے ہیں؟ مجھے اعداد و شمار دکھائیں کہ تیسری دنیا کی اقوام میں اقوام متحدہ کے ذریعہ کتنے ڈیموں کی مالی اعانت ہے۔
#امن_اداروں_کی_بالادستی
میں صرف اس مقام پر ہنس سکتا ہوں۔ وہ سرمایہ داری کی حمایت کرتے ہیں اور وہ بات کرتے ہیں اداروں کی بالا دستی کی۔۔ وہ سرمایہ داری کی حمایت کرتے ہیں جس سے معاشرے میں دو انتہائی طبقاتی نظام پیدا ہوتا ہے اور پھر مساوات کی بات کرتے ہیں۔ وہ فطرت مخالف قوانین کی حمایت کرتے ہیں۔ قاتلوں، انسانوں اور منشیات کے سمگلرز جیسے غیر انسانی جرائم کے مرتکب افراد کو موت کی سزا دینےبکی مخالفت کرتے جبکہ بات انصاف، امن اور اصول پرستی کی کرتے ہیں۔ منی لانڈررز اور ٹیکس کی مد میں منی لانڈرڈ پیسوں کے لئے محفوظ ممالک ان کے نزدیک بہترین ممالک کی فہرست میں ہیں۔ جیسے کہ سؤٹزر لینڈ
۔ وہ لوگوں آزادی راۓ کے نام پر انتہا پسندی کی زبان اور جسمانی لہجے استعمال کرنے کی اجازت دیتے ہیں۔ وہ جان بوجھ کر اسلامو فوبیا کو ہوا دیتے ہیں اور معاشرے میں انتشار اور انتشار پھیلانے کے لئے جھوٹے واقعات کرواتے ہیں۔ کرتے ہیں اور پھر امن بات کرتے ہیں۔ باتیں بہت ہیں کرنے کو۔مگر قصہ مختصر یہ اقوام متحدہ کا پراجیکٹ دینا پر اپنی مرضی کی ظالمانہ ایک حکومت جس کا سارا کنٹرول انکے ہاتھ میں ہونا کو ہموار کر نے کے لئے ہے۔ اور وہ دجال کا نظام ہے۔
Sunday, April 12, 2020
Socrates Philosophy; Western Political Thoughts. Political Science CSS, PMS, MA
#Socrates #Philosophy; Western Political Thoughts. Political Science CSS, PMS, MA, IAS
The #video lecture is attached below. A powerpoint presenstation is attached also for those who want written material.
It equally helps to the aspirants for PMS, CSS, IAS and Masters' students.
The #video lecture is attached below. A powerpoint presenstation is attached also for those who want written material.
It equally helps to the aspirants for PMS, CSS, IAS and Masters' students.
Socrates Pilosophy by Oxides of Research and Ideas on Scribd
Thursday, April 9, 2020
Biological Warfare | Bioterrorism | Biowar | Biological Agents | Essay
Biological warfare | Biowar | Biological Agents | Bioterrorism
- Introduction
- What is biological warfare?
- What are biological weapons?
- What are different types of biological warfare agents?
- How are biological weapons delivered and detected?
- Protective measures to combat the epidemics
- Coronavirus (COVID19); A lab prepared bio-weapon or natural epidemic?
- History of biological weapons used
- Biological weapons proliferation laws
- Conclusion
This bio-warfare is undoubtedly a weapon of war that acts mercilessly and even its creator does not come out unscathed. Biological warfare (BW) is defined as “the use of pathogens or toxins against human, animal, or plant populations by a state or sub-state actor to achieve military aims” (Zilinskas and Carus, 2002). Biological weapons are microorganisms like virus, bacteria, fungi, or other toxins that are produced and released deliberately to cause disease and death in humans, animals or plants. A common #definition of biological warfare is “the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.”
A number of variables come into play when assessing which agents have the potential to be weaponized, particularly to a militarily significant level.
• Stability of the agent in atmosphere
• Lethality, transmissible or contagiousness of the agent- Available preventive measures and treatment
• Long-term economic loss or area denial
• Can protect own population
• Detectability of the agent perpetrator
Based on all of these factors, there are five broad categories of agents that might be weaponized—with the first three being the primary focus of military BW attention.
Bacteria: These are single-cell organisms that cause diseases such as anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia, and plague. Bacteria exist naturally in a variety of places, to include in living animals, plants, and in decaying and even dead matter, as well as in soil and the air. Bacteria can survive in any kind of environment. But vaccines to treat Bacteria are available.
Viruses. These are extremely small intracellular parasites or micro-organisms. They are about one percent the size of bacteria. Although they generally require a living host to reproduce and can be vulnerable to environmental degradation, they are still a viable candidate for weaponization. Viruses cause diseases such as Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE), smallpox, or hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola and Marburg.
Toxins. Toxins are derived from organisms, although they can be synthetically produced. Toxins can be weaponized, for example, by extracting poisons from venomous animals or plants or microorganisms. They cannot reproduce and thus are not contagious.
Rickettsia. Rickettsia are similar to both bacteria and viruses. They resemble bacteria but are actually parasites that reproduce inside cells. While rickettsia are small, relatively stable, and could be spread as an aerosol, they are also difficult to produce in any quantity and effective treatments exist to counter their effects. They also are not easily transmissible and thus are not generally considered a threat for BW agent production. Typhus and Q fever are examples of diseases caused by rickettsia organisms.
Fungi. These are pathogens that have some potential to be weaponized. For example, mycotoxin-producing fungi could possibly be used against humans since they are relatively environmentally hardy and could be released in aerosol form. More likely would be weaponizing fungi for use to destroy crops and create economic and other materiel damage to an adversary, such as cereal rust.
Although there are more than 1,200 biological agents that could be used to cause illness or death, relatively few possess the necessary characteristics to make them ideal candidates for biological warfare or terrorism agents. The ideal biological agents are relatively easy to acquire, process, and use. Only small amounts (on the order of pounds and often less) would be needed to kill or incapacitate hundreds of thousands of people in a metropolitan area. Biological warfare agents are easy to hide and difficult to detect or protect against. They are invisible, odorless, tasteless, and can be spread silently. Biological warfare agents can be disseminated in various ways.
- Through the air by aerosol sprays: To be an effective biological weapon, airborne germs must be dispersed as fine particles. To be infected, a person must breathe a sufficient quantity of particles into the lungs to cause illness.
- Used in explosives (artillery, missiles, detonated bombs): The use of an explosive device to deliver and spread biological agents is not as effective as the delivery by aerosol. This is because agents tend to be destroyed by the blast, typically leaving less than 5% of the agent capable of causing disease.
- Put into food or water: Contamination of a city's water supplies requires an unrealistically large amount of an agent as well as introduction into the water after it passes through a regional treatment facility.
- Absorbed through or injected into the skin: This method might be ideal for assassination, but is not likely to be used to cause mass casualties.
Biological agents could either be found in the environment using advanced detection devices, after specific testing or by a doctor reporting a medical diagnosis of an illness caused by an agent. Animals may also be early victims and shouldn't be overlooked.
- Early detection of a biological agent in the environment allows for early and specific treatment and time enough to treat others who were exposed with protective medications. Currently, the U.S. Department of Defense is evaluating devices to detect clouds of biological warfare agents in the air.
- Doctors must be able to identify early victims and recognize patterns of disease. If unusual symptoms, a large numbers of people with symptoms, dead animals, or other inconsistent medical findings are noted, a biological warfare attack should be suspected. Doctors report these patterns to public health officials.
- Masks: Currently, available masks such as the military gas mask or high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter masks used for tuberculosis exposure filter out most biological warfare particles delivered through the air. However, the face seals on ill-fitting masks often leak. For a mask to fit properly, it must be fitted to a person's face.
- Clothing: Most biological agents in the air do not penetrate unbroken skin, and few organisms stick to skin or clothing. After an aerosol attack, the simple removal of clothing eliminates a great majority of surface contamination. Thorough showering with soap and water removes 99.99% of the few organisms that may be left on the victim's skin.
- Medical protection: Health care professionals treating victims of biological warfare may not need special suits but should use latex gloves and take other precautions such as wearing gowns and masks with protective eye shields. Victims would be isolated in private rooms while receiving treatment.
- •Antibiotics: Victims of biological warfare might be given antibiotics orally (pills) or through an IV, even before the specific agent is identified.
- Quarantine- Self isolation- self Distancing; What today immunologists and the WHO are suggesting was also suggested by Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) some 1400 years back. The practice of adopting good hygiene, quarantining in order to remain protected from global contagion, covering face while sneezing, was advised by Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) to his followers years back. In connection of adopting good hygiene, Islam lays great emphasis on observing cleanliness under all circumstances. Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) once said: cleanliness is part of the faith”.The WHO is now advising the same as practiced by Muslims to the populace to wash hands as many times as possible to ward off COVID-19. Interestingly, this was also practiced by Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW). “Whenever the messenger of Allah sneezed, he would cover his mouth with his hand or a piece of cloth.” He gave instructions on what to do if there is an outbreak of any infectious #epidemic. Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf #said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) say: “If you hear that (the plague) is in a land, do not go there, and if it breaks out in a land where you are, do not leave, fleeing from it.”
- Vaccinations: Currently, protective vaccines (given as shots) are available for anthrax, Q fever, yellow fever, and smallpox. The widespread immunization of nonmilitary personnel has not been recommended by any governmental agency so far. Immune protection against ricin and staphylococcal toxins may also be possible in the near future.
#Virus like the novel coronavirus are shells holding genetic material.
(Image: © Andriy Onufriyenko/Getty Images)
In January 2020, a #Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified as the cause of an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The disease, later named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), subsequently spread globally. In the first three months after COVID-19 emerged nearly 1 million people were infected and 50,000 died.
What started as an epidemic mainly limited to China has now become a truly global pandemic. There have now been over 1,432,577 confirmed cases and 82,195 deaths, according the #John Hopkins University Covid-19 dashboard, which collates information from national and international health authorities. The disease has been detected in more than 200 countries and territories, with Italy, the US and Spain experiencing the most widespread outbreaks outside of China. In the UK, there have been 55,242 confirmed cases and 6,159 deaths as of April 7.
Pakistan’s tally of the virus had reached 21, which included a secondary contact case. The secondary contact case means that the victim had no travel history, and he must have contracted the virus from one of the people who traveled to Pakistan from another country.
NIAID COVID-19 research efforts build on earlier research on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which also are caused by coronaviruses. SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003, though cases subsequently were tracked to November 2002. SARS quickly spread to 26 countries before being contained after about four months. More than 8,000 people fell ill from SARS and 774 died. Since 2004, there have been no reported SARS cases.
The wife of Canada’s prime minister has tested positive for the virus. The Italian chief of army staff has tested positive. An adviser to Iran’s Supreme Leader has died of COVID-19. Among other notables, Tom Hanks and his wife, Rita Wilson, have tested positive for the virus. Stock markets around the world have since seen an unprecedented meltdown. The question essentially boils down to one point: was COVID-19 developed in a laboratory, and is it being used as a biological weapon to contain the formidable Chinese economic hegemony?
A related question is whether the virus was made in the laboratory purposefully, or did the virus made in the laboratory accidentally escape the laboratory. The lab-escape theory is so far the more widely accepted theory.
#Steven Mosher, a social scientist, summarizes why he believes COVID-19 may have been accidentally spread by China’s National Biosafety Laboratory at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, where researchers have studied bat coronaviruses. Mosher says that the lab is less than 10 miles away from the seafood market where a cluster of COVID-19 cases was first discovered. There were reports that in the 2003 SARS outbreak, the SARS-CoV virus escaped from virology labs in China.In the past, these viruses have spread through wild bats that infect another type of animal —an intermediate host — that then spreads it to humans. SARS-CoV, for example, was transmitted from bats to civets to humans, while camels were an intermediate host in MERS, according to Quanta.
The U.S. and Chinese governments now appear more interested in taunting each other than cooperating to contain the damage wreaked by COVID-19. That’s bad news for the whole world, because if they worked together to limit further human and economic damage from this crisis and to prevent future viral emergencies from going global, there is much they could do.
U.S.-China relations have now reached their lowest point. Both countries have suffered large-scale loss of life and a sharp economic slowdown, but political officials in both countries are working to protect their own domestic standing by blaming the other’s government. President Trump has taken to calling COVID-19 the “Chinese virus,” while senior Chinese officials and state media have pushed a ludicrous theory that the U.S. created the virus and planted it in China last fall.
This animosity didn't begin, of course, with coronavirus. Trump has waged a tariff war against China for most of his presidency and threatened the survival of Huawei, the telecom giant central to China’s strategy for state-of-the-art 5G technologies.
#History The use of biological agents is not a new concept, and history is filled with examples of their use.
Attempts to use biological warfare agents date back to antiquity. Scythian archers infected their arrows by dipping them in decomposing bodies or in blood mixed with manure as far back as 400 BC.
During the battle of Tortona in the 12th century AD, Barbarossa used the bodies of dead and decomposing soldiers to poison wells. During the siege of Kaffa in the 14th century AD, the attacking Tatar forces hurled plague-infected corpses into the city in an attempt to cause an epidemic within enemy forces.
During the French and Indian War in the 18th century AD, British forces under the direction of Sir Jeffrey Amherst gave blankets that had been used by smallpox victims to the Native Americans in a plan to spread the disease.
#History The use of biological agents is not a new concept, and history is filled with examples of their use.
Attempts to use biological warfare agents date back to antiquity. Scythian archers infected their arrows by dipping them in decomposing bodies or in blood mixed with manure as far back as 400 BC.
During the battle of Tortona in the 12th century AD, Barbarossa used the bodies of dead and decomposing soldiers to poison wells. During the siege of Kaffa in the 14th century AD, the attacking Tatar forces hurled plague-infected corpses into the city in an attempt to cause an epidemic within enemy forces.
During the French and Indian War in the 18th century AD, British forces under the direction of Sir Jeffrey Amherst gave blankets that had been used by smallpox victims to the Native Americans in a plan to spread the disease.
During World War I, the German Army developed anthrax, glanders, cholera, and a wheat fungus specifically for use as biological weapons. They allegedly spread plague in St. Petersburg, Russia, infected mules with glanders in Mesopotamia, and attempted to do the same with the horses of the French Cavalry.
During World War II, Japanese forces operated a secret biological warfare research facility in Manchuria. They exposed more than 3,000 victims to plague, anthrax, syphilis, and other agents.
In 1979, an accidental release of anthrax from a weapons facility in Sverdlovsk, USSR, killed at least 66 people. The Russian government claimed these deaths were due to infected meat and maintained this position until 1992, when Russian President Boris Yeltsin finally admitted to the accident.
In September and October of 1984, 751 people were intentionally infected with Salmonella, an agent that causes food poisoning, when followers of the Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh contaminated restaurant salad bars in Oregon.
In 1994, a Japanese sect of the Aum Shinrikyo cult attempted an aerosolized (sprayed into the air) release of anthrax from the tops of buildings in Tokyo.
The #Geneva #Protocol of 1925 was signed by 108 nations. This was the first multilateral agreement that extended prohibition of chemical agents to biological agents but has nothing to say about production, storage or transfer. Later treaties did cover these aspects — the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Unfortunately, no method for verification of compliance was addressed. Moreover, A number of countries submitted reservations when becoming parties to the Geneva Protocol, declaring that they only regarded the non-use obligations as applying to other parties and that these obligations would cease to apply if the prohibited weapons were used against them.
The last word, biological warfare agents, either natural or ma-made have put the lives on planet Earth in great danger and left the planet panic. The ongoing pandemic has paralyzed the whole globe and made countries helpless. Most developed nations have stuck in the situation badly. It has exposed the world badly and proved the world vulnerable to this front. World governing bodies and big powers must focus more on health sector and prepare the world against this imminent threat to protect the world instead of playing foul politics for their interests. Moreover, UNSC must establish a high level commission to probe the roots of COVID-19. The culprits should be taken to task if found biological weapon attack. There is a great need of more transparent, effective and binding international laws to the signatories parties to be made to curtail the dangers of the biological warfare agents and biowarfare. This is only solution to make the world peaceful for its inhabitants. Otherwise, global order and world itself would be destroyed.
In 1994, a Japanese sect of the Aum Shinrikyo cult attempted an aerosolized (sprayed into the air) release of anthrax from the tops of buildings in Tokyo.
The #Geneva #Protocol of 1925 was signed by 108 nations. This was the first multilateral agreement that extended prohibition of chemical agents to biological agents but has nothing to say about production, storage or transfer. Later treaties did cover these aspects — the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Unfortunately, no method for verification of compliance was addressed. Moreover, A number of countries submitted reservations when becoming parties to the Geneva Protocol, declaring that they only regarded the non-use obligations as applying to other parties and that these obligations would cease to apply if the prohibited weapons were used against them.
The last word, biological warfare agents, either natural or ma-made have put the lives on planet Earth in great danger and left the planet panic. The ongoing pandemic has paralyzed the whole globe and made countries helpless. Most developed nations have stuck in the situation badly. It has exposed the world badly and proved the world vulnerable to this front. World governing bodies and big powers must focus more on health sector and prepare the world against this imminent threat to protect the world instead of playing foul politics for their interests. Moreover, UNSC must establish a high level commission to probe the roots of COVID-19. The culprits should be taken to task if found biological weapon attack. There is a great need of more transparent, effective and binding international laws to the signatories parties to be made to curtail the dangers of the biological warfare agents and biowarfare. This is only solution to make the world peaceful for its inhabitants. Otherwise, global order and world itself would be destroyed.
THANK YOU!!!
Wednesday, April 8, 2020
COVID19 and Future: Agenda2030
What is the #coronavirus really about?
1. Release the virus
2. Create mass hysteria on scale
3. Quarantine an entire planet
4. Use immunisation to implant an ID chip (digitised global citizens)
#Event201 #COVID19 #Agenda2030
1. Release the virus
2. Create mass hysteria on scale
3. Quarantine an entire planet
4. Use immunisation to implant an ID chip (digitised global citizens)
#Event201 #COVID19 #Agenda2030
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